How to make perfume ?

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Perfume, simply put, is essence and fragrance dissolved in ethanol.

Modern perfumes are blended with essential oils, aromatic oils, resins from plants, animal extracts, and synthetic chemical scents to create very different perfumes that emit different scents on different people, which is quite magical. Only a little essence can be extracted from a large number of natural raw materials. Essential oils are evaporative aromatic oils that exist in different tiny parts in various tissues. These essential oils are usually gathered in the corolla part of the plant before fertilization.

Different essential oils are obtained from different parts, for example: some essential oils are taken from the flowers of plants (rose, jasmine); some are taken from the leaves and branches of plants (geranium, peppermint); ; some from bark (sandalwood, fir); some from fruit (bergamot, lemon); Plant sesame oil, such as half a catty of jasmine essence, requires 150 kilograms of fresh flowers (about 2.5 million flowers).

Animal flavors are as expensive as plant flavors. Concentrated animal flavors are very unpleasant, but they are very attractive after dilution. A good perfume must never lack animal flavors as a fixative and base fragrance. The most commonly used ones are dragon incense, raccoon, and musk, each of which has a special smell that can last for a long time. Its price is very high. Therefore, perfumes with such essences are naturally expensive.

The process of making perfume includes pretreatment, mixing, aging, freezing, filtering, color matching, bottling, and finished product inspection.

1. Pretreatment: The raw materials for making perfume, such as alcohol, essence and water, must be pure and free from impurities, so they must be pretreated before use, so as to ensure that the product has a clear appearance, a mellow smell, and a round aroma.

① Alcohol must be processed: including purification and aging.

There are two commonly used methods for purification, namely the reflux method of adding alkali in alcohol and the oxidation method of potassium permanganate. The purpose is to remove impurities. Sodium hydroxide is added to the alcohol, boiled and refluxed for several hours, and then fractionated one or more times to collect the most pure aroma part for the preparation of perfume. Or you can add potassium permanganate solution to the alcohol, stir quickly and let it stand, filter to remove the precipitate, and then add activated carbon. After standing for several days, it is filtered through silica gel to further absorb impurities. Put a small amount of spices in the purified alcohol, and place it in a sealed place at 15°C for several months, which is the aging process.

② Pretreatment of essence: add a small amount of pretreatment alcohol to the essence, and use it after aging for 1 month.

③ Water pretreatment: Distillation or sterilization deionization. Sodium citrate or EDTA is usually used to remove metal ions.

DI /RO WATER TREATMENT

2. Mixing: Put alcohol, essence and water in a certain proportion into stainless steel or enamel, silver enamel, and tin enamel containers, stir and mix for a period of time to allow the impurities in the essence to fully precipitate, so that the clarity and quality of the finished product will be improved. Anti-clouding is improved in cold conditions.

3. Aging: Put the mixed perfume into an airtight container equipped with a safety valve for aging. The aging of perfume has two kinds of physical methods and chemical methods. Physical methods include mechanical stirring, air bubbling, infrared, ultraviolet light irradiation, ultrasonic treatment, and mechanical vibration.

Chemical methods include air, oxygen or ozone bubble oxidation, silver or silver chloride catalysis, tin or hydrogen reduction. During the aging period, the smell of the perfume gradually changes from rough to mellow. However, if the deployment of the essence is not appropriate, it will also produce an undesirable smell. As for the length of time required for aging, some people think it takes 3 months, while others think it should be longer or shorter. It can be adjusted according to factors such as production conditions.

4. Cooling: When the perfume encounters a lower temperature, it will become translucent or misty. After that, if it is heated again, it will no longer be clear, and it will always be turbid. Therefore, the perfume must be frozen before being filtered.

5. Filtration: After aging and freezing, some insoluble substances precipitate out, and they are removed by filtration to ensure its transparency. Filter using a filter press, and add diatomaceous earth and other filter aids to absorb the precipitated particles, otherwise the precipitates will block the pores of the filter cloth. After adding the filter aid, the perfume should be cooled to around 0°C and maintained at this temperature during filtration. The temperature of the filter press can be cooled by multiple cycles of the already cooled perfume. After filtering out the sediment produced by aging and cooling, it can be returned to room temperature and then filtered through a fine-pored cloth to ensure that the product remains clear and transparent during storage and use.

Due to the use of filter aids during filtration, some fragrances may be absorbed and cause aroma loss, which should be estimated in advance and compensated afterwards.

6. Toning: Coloring is generally done after the filtration process, otherwise the color is easily absorbed by the filter aid, but it must be added after color comparison with the standard sample.

7. Product inspection: Use instruments to compare color, measure specific gravity and refractive index, and use conventional methods to measure alcohol content, etc.

8. Bottling: The bottle should be washed with distilled water. When bottling, some gaps should be left at the neck of the bottle to prevent the solution in the bottle from expanding due to heat and the bottle from breaking during storage.

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